什么是英语的状语从句?
有时候，一个句子可能非常清楚地表达了它的观点，但仍然需要一些额外的描述。当你在写作中遇到这样的句子时，用副词修饰动词或形容词。
但是有时候，一个句子需要的不仅仅是一个副词。它需要更多的语境来传达主句后面的“什么”、“在哪里”、“为什么”和/或“如何”。在这种情况下，你可以在这个句子后面加上另一个句子…或者你可以用一个状语从句。状语从句是修饰句子中动词、形容词或副词的从属从句。换句话说，状语从句是和副词做同样事情的从句。
什么是状语从句
状语从句，有时也被称为副词从句，是一组词，它们一起起副词的作用。这意味着小句描述或修饰一个动词、形容词或另一个副词。与其他类型的从句不同，状语从句总是一个从属从句。这意味着它不能单独作为一个独立的句子。
状语从句通过提供标准副词所不能提供的附加上下文和描述来使句子更加丰富。看看下面这些例子中的状语从句和副词是如何比较的:
- He bakes cakes weekly.
- He bakes cakes before he leaves for work every Sunday.
- Eagerly, my brother agreed to the business proposal.
- As dollar signs flashed in his eyes, my brother agreed to the business proposal.
正如你在这些例子中看到的，状语从句可以出现在句子的任何一点上。它们可以是字面的，也可以是比喻的，就像第二个例子中的从句。
每一个词类，每一种短语和小句，都是为特定目的而设计的工具。当你需要写一个简洁的句子时，用副词。当你需要更多的信息时，使用状语从句。
状语从句和状语短语的区别是什么?
状语从句与状语短语相似，但又不相同。这两组词都起副词的作用，但有一个关键的区别:状语从句包含主语和动词，而状语短语没有。
下面是一些状语短语的例子:
- Andrei eats his lunch with gusto.
- We thought, through logic, that the next bus would come at 3:10.
下面是一些含义类似的状语从句的例子:
- Andrei eats his lunch faster than everyone else eats.
- We thought, because the bus has been so predictable lately, that the next one would come at 3:10.
状语从句的种类
状语从句有许多不同的形式。每一种形式都由子句所传达的信息的性质所决定。
方式状语从句
方式状语从句用来描述主句中所描述的动作是如何发生的或之前发生的。以下是一些例子:
- She addressed the crowd as she had practiced in the mirror.
- They designed the new product the way innovators problem-solve around design flaws.
地点状语从句
地点状语从句描述句子主句中动作发生的位置。看看这些例子是如何工作的:
- My son told me another fight broke out where he eats lunch at school.
- They drove beyond where the city ends.
条件状语从句
使用条件状语从句，你可以在句子的主句中表达与动词、副词或形容词相关的条件。这些例子说明了条件状语从句的几种用法：
- We’ll be sitting in the conference room until they tell us to leave.
- Whether my husband likes it or not, we’ll be celebrating Thanksgiving at my parents’ house.
原因状语从句
原因状语从句告诉我们在句子的主句中采取动作的原因。这些从句通常使用像because, unless和since这样的从属连词。以下是一些包含原因状语从句的例句:
- We adopted these two cats because they are a bonded pair.
- He’s amazing at billiards since he spent his youth working in a pool hall.
时间状语从句
时间状语从句用来表达动作发生时间:
- Before she got home, she called and ordered a pizza.
- They assembled, dressed, and marched out as the band played.
目的状语从句
与原因状语从句一样，目的状语从句也经常涉及从属连词。这两类从句看起来很相似，但它们有一个关键的区别:原因状语从句给出某事发生的原因，目的状语从句解释采取特定行动的原因。这里有一些例子：
- We studied all night so we would pass the exam.
- So that they could ease the traffic flow, the event organizers split the group into three cohorts.
比较状语从句
比较状语从句是表达从属从句的主语与主句中的主语比较的从句。比较状语从句有两种类型:程度比较状语从句和方式比较状语从句。
下面是几个程度比较状语从句的例子:
- Felix is as good at video games as he is good at weight lifting.
- We expected the afternoon class to perform better on the test than the morning class did.
下面是一些方式比较状语从句的例子:
- The events unfolded as the oracle prophesized.
- My wedding vows went as well as I’d hoped.
让步状语从句
在让步状语从句中，作者承认或承认一个可以修改主句的因素。看看这些让步状语从句:
- Despite how I had good intentions, the interaction went horribly wrong.
- The department head hired the first person they interviewed, though twenty people applied for the job.
